According to Joseph Landau, the Dean of Fordham University School of Law, empathy plays a huge part in being an effective critical thinker. “Understanding where others are coming from, and acknowledging their problems, are crucial steps to forming our own opinions about an issue, especially if we are trying to be part of the solution to those problems,” Landau says. “This means considering not just the context of words, but the broader context so that we can engage in a dialogue that is both insightful and respectful.”

Landau places a premium on the “respectful” aspect of communication. Helping law students understand the importance of “civil discourse,” with an emphasis on civil, is a top priority for him.

Landau believes that “[e]mbracing that unknown and being open to unexpected opportunities are essential components of a critical mindset.” Those unexpected opportunities might include the chance to learn from sources we’re normally skeptical about.

“We need to ask ourselves if we have fully considered all aspects of an issue, including potential counterexamples and counterarguments. By challenging our assumptions and testing our hypotheses, we cultivate a mindset of discernment that is both rigorous and open-minded,” Landau says.