The encyclical, whose title means “Charity in Truth” was the first social encyclical issued by Pope Benedict XVI. According to Archbishop Migliore, it is meant to provide guidance for clergy and lay Catholics who are wrestling with the drastic changes that have affected the world’s economy over the last 20 years.

In that time, he noted that four distinct social phenomena have arisen:
• The eclipsing of traditional ideologies by one rooted in technology, to the detriment of cognitive abilities of reason;
• The ascent of globalization;
• The return of religion to the limelight and a corresponding rise in secularism;
• The rise of formerly underdeveloped states, which alters the global political equilibrium.

Regarding the global financial crisis, he quoted Pope Benedict’s assertion that the world is in trouble because of the lack of thinking.

“The Pope says, ‘A new trajectory of thinking is needed to arrive at a better understanding of the implications of our being one family. Interaction among the peoples of the world calls us to embark upon this new trajectory, so that integration can signify solidarity rather than marginalization,’” he said. “To overcome our current financial and economic crisis, we need intellectual clarity and clear thinking.”

One of the biggest challenges facing the world is avoiding an economic recovery that does not address unemployment, Archbishop Migliore said, adding that such a recovery would be hollow. He dismissed greater consumption as a way out of the crisis, as it may increase profits, but not jobs, as technology now substitutes for labor.

“There needs to be a change in the composition and pattern of consumption—less consumption of merchandize, more consumption of relational needs,” he said. “Relational goods entail medical care, education, culture, art, sport—all things which build up the person and involve the most intensive labor, because no machine can substitute the service of care and education of culture.”

In addition pointing out that Pope Benedict explicitly links freedom of life and religious choice to economic development, Archbishop Migliore also pointed to the Pope’s exhortation to infuse solidarity and fraternity into economics.

“This is one of the most normative points in this encyclical, and also one of the most difficult points to understand, and especially problematic in this country,” he said.

Rather than mistake the Pope’s encyclical as an attack on capitalism, he urged the audience to remember that the French Revolution, which was an inspiration for the United States’ own revolution, was based on the concepts of liberty, equality and fraternity.

Now, liberty and freedom have been received into almost all constitutions in the world—all the legislations—and they’ve changed the world. The missing link is fraternity. Fraternity has been neglected. We are seeing excesses on the field of liberty and on the field of equality,” he said.

“As society becomes ever more globalized, it makes us neighbors, but does not make us brothers.”

“The phenomenon of migration is occasionally looked upon as a problem to be solved, or is painted as a threat that is manipulated for short-term political gain at the expense of the natural rights of others,” said Migliore, who is the Apostolic Nuncio, Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations.

Migliore recently led a delegation before the UN’s Commission on Population and Development of the Economic and Social Council, urging them to respect the human rights of migrants and to forge policies that reflect of importance migrants to the world community.

He cited that migrants typically have had a positive economic impact in host countries where, over the long-term, they have increased employment and fiscal gains. Alternatively, wide-scale emigration has had a negative impact on developing countries as they have been depleted of skilled labor necessary for growth.

Migliore said that greater scrutiny must be given the large number of migrants in developed countries. According to Migliore, low fertility rates have contributed to migration, accounting for nearly all population growth in developed countries.

“There is a growing awareness that immigration cannot be the single solution to demographic and labor problems of receiving countries,” said Migliore. “It can change the face of regions.”

Migliore was speaking on the occasion of fellow Italian Dino De Poli receiving an honorary doctorate in humanities from Fordham University. De Poli, a prominent lawyer, bank president and politician, has worked tirelessly as the president of the Italian-based Cassamarca Foundation to promote cross-cultural awareness throughout the world. The foundation, which is the philanthropic arm of the Italian savings bank industry, established the Cassamarca Chair in Migration and Globalization at Fordham University in 2005.

Joseph M. McShane, S.J., president of Fordham University, commended De Poli for his “fine and compassionate work through the Cassamarca foundation.” He also noted the longstanding collaborative relationship between Fordham University and the Center for Migration Studies.