“We had downloads from Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the same day—two countries at war with one another,” said Mark Naison, Ph.D., co-founder of BAAHP and professor of history and African & African American studies at Fordham. “It’s so exciting that people all over the world are interested in our interviews and essays.”

Downloads From Nearly Every Continent

BAAHP was founded more than two decades ago in collaboration with the Bronx County Historical Society in order to preserve the history of the Bronx and its people. The bulk of the archive contains verbatim transcripts of interviews with political leaders, educators, musicians, social workers, businesspeople, clergy, athletes, and leaders of community-based organizations who have lived and worked in the Bronx since the 1930s, in addition to scholarly essays about the Bronx. For many years, these articles lived on audio tapes and paper. In 2015, they were uploaded to a digital archive that made their stories fully accessible to the public. 

Since then, thousands of scholars, students, and strangers have accessed the digital archive from around the world. People in Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Caribbean have downloaded resources from the archive, according to data from Fordham Libraries. Online visitors in Singapore and Paris even downloaded the entire archive twice, said Naison. 

Among the scholars is Peter Schultz Jørgensen, an urbanist and author in Denmark who is using information from the digital archive to complete his upcoming book “Our Bronx!” 

“Portraying and documenting everyday life in the Bronx, as it once was, is essential in protecting the people of the Bronx from misrepresentation, while at the same time, providing valuable knowledge that can help shape their future,” Jørgensen said. “Just as BAAHP gathers the web of memory, my book is about the struggles that people and community organizations have waged and are waging in the Bronx. And more important, and encouraging, it talks about how they are now scaling up via the Bronx Wide Coalition and their Bronx Wide Plan for more economic and democratic control of the borough.”

The archive is also helpful for those who aren’t familiar with the Bronx, said Mattieu Langlois, a history Ph.D. student in Fordham’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.  

“I’m from Canada, so I didn’t know much about the Bronx,” said Langlois, who served as a BAAHP graduate assistant, ensuring interviews were transcribed correctly and uploading them to the archive. “It’s a good source of information for many people.” 

A Treasure Trove for Scholars

It’s unclear what thousands of other visitors are searching for in the archives, said Naison, but he suspects that some are scholars who are researching the history of hip-hop, a genre born in the Bronx that has influenced scores of artists, including Bronx-born rappers like Cardi B and Lil Tjay. Other scholars might be studying immigration—and the Bronx, a city heavily shaped by immigration, is a great model, said Naison. 

“The Bronx has a global reputation for music, but also for immigration and the mixing of cultures,” Naison said. “And our archive brings that to life.”

‘I Hope People Use It To Think Differently About the Bronx’ 

Brian Purnell, Ph.D., FCRH ’00, a former BAAHP research director from 2004 to 2010 who helped to facilitate at least 50 interviews in the archive, said the archive is also useful for urban studies scholars who are studying how cities have changed over the decades. 

“I hope people use it to think differently about the Bronx, to include the Bronx more deeply and broadly in urban studies in the United States,” said Purnell, now an associate professor of Africana studies and history at Bowdoin College, who uses the archive in his own research and in the classroom with his students. “I hope that it also expands how we think about Black people in New York City and in American cities in general from the mid-20th century onward.”

Naison said his team plans to upload more interviews to the archive—and that their work won’t stop there. 

“It’s ongoing. It’s exciting,” said Naison. “And to know now that people all over the world are interested in this, it makes it even more motivating to keep it going.”

The Bronx Italian American History Initiative (BIAHI), the latest undertaking within the Bronx African American History Project (BAAHP), is conducting interviews with Italian Americans who have resided or presently reside in the borough. The initiative will include audio interviews with Italian Americans and Italians who migrated from different regions in Italy, as well as personal narratives from other ethnic groups in the area.

According to Kathleen LaPenta, Ph.D., director of the new initiative and an lecturer in the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, the BIAHI seeks to honor the cultural diversity of the Bronx— which was also home to a significant number of Irish, Latinos, Jews, and blacks during the mid-20th century. 

“While [it will] very much celebrate the rich Italian-American heritage in the Bronx, it is also about putting that heritage in contact with the heritage of others who were living in the Bronx at the same time, as well as calling to mind the notion that we are all in some way very transitory,” she said.

Gabelli School senior Bentley Brown, a research assistant on the BAAHP and BIAHI teams, said the new initiative is a microcosm of immigrant contributions to American society.

“We’re helping to build a narrative that includes everybody,” said Brown. “Everybody has had a part. Everybody has had a hand in building this country, and the Bronx happens to be a great example of the necessity of multiculturalism in building a country like ours.”

In January, the initiative’s staff interviewed a first subject, Fordham’s own Joseph Cammarosano, Ph.D., FCRH ’47, GSAS ’56, professor emeritus of economics and the University’s first president of the Fordham Faculty Senate. Cammarosano, 93, whose parents emigrated from Sorrento, Italy, has been a part of the Fordham community for more than 70 years. He spoke about growing up in an Italian and Jewish neighborhood north of the Bronx in Mount Vernon, and shared his recollections of Fordham’s involvement in the local community from the time he enrolled at the University in 1941.

“[The interview] gave us a starting point in terms of where to dive deeper and who to talk to next,” said Brown.

Most recently, the team interviewed Riverdale resident Fred Ponterotto, who spoke about his experiences growing up in the Williamsbridge section of the Bronx during the 1950s. Among the topics that Ponterotto discussed with LaPenta and BIAHI co-director Mark Naison, Ph.D., professor of African and African-American studies and principal investigator of the BAAHP, was his upbringing, racial tensions in the community, and the political climate at the time.  

“I like to tell stories of those times,” said Ponterotto. “I revel in it.”

“Philosophically, you can’t understand the present if you don’t understand the past, and therefore you can’t affect the future.”

Changing demographic

LaPenta said the BIAHI has become imperative, especially since Italian-American neighborhoods that were first established in the 1920s have been declining over the years.

According to figures from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2006-2010 American Community Survey, there are approximately 57,527 Italian Americans living in Bronx County. In 2000, there were about 69,289 Italian Americans in the borough, bureau records show.

“We’re open to whoever wants to be interviewed and has an experience to share,” said LaPenta. “But the urgency of the project is for those people who are elderly, who might not have their stories to offer [because]they are getting up there in age.”

One of the goals of the BIAHI is to bring to light lost narratives from Italian-American immigrants, some of whom were marginalized, when they emigrated to Bronx neighborhoods such as Pelham Bay, Morris Park, Williamsbridge, City Island, Castle Hill, Melrose, and Belmont (“Little Italy”) decades ago.

“What we want to do is try to recapture what was there 50 years ago,” said Naison.

Race relations in the Bronx

Since the Bronx is often regarded as a cultural melting pot, LaPenta, Naison, and their student researchers have been exploring the BAAHP’s vast digital archive to gain a deeper understanding of how Italian Americans in the Bronx might have gotten along with other ethnicities in their communities during that time.

“People from different backgrounds and cultures were converging in a really concentrated way onto one geographic area of New York City and living on top of each other,” said LaPenta. “There was a unique intermixing of languages and cultures that took place [in the Bronx]that did not take place in other areas of the country.”

When the BAAHP first began, Naison and his team interviewed a small number of Latino, Italian, and Jewish residents who lived in the same communities and housing projects as African Americans. These interviews not only provided a more comprehensive look at what life might have been like for blacks in these culturally diverse neighborhoods, but also helped to jumpstart the BIAHI.

Naison and LaPenta said collectively the projects have provided new perspectives on racial tensions in various neighborhoods in the borough.

“There were these informal boundaries even at the public beaches and if you went into the wrong area, you could get into a fight,” said Naison.

While there were moments in which the Bronx’s dominant black, Irish, Latino, and Italian populations diverged, there were points when they came together too, particularly when it came to music, he said.

“The unparalleled musical creativity of the Bronx is in large part because of the mixing of cultures that took place in Bronx neighborhoods and Bronx schools,” said Naison. “This was true in the era of doo wop, mambo, and jazz. It was true during the rise of salsa and it was also true during the formative years of hip hop.”

Through the testimonies of Italian Americans and other ethnic groups that have helped to transform the Bronx, the BIAHI is capturing a part of the borough’s history that is often overlooked.

“Some of the experiences that we’re trying to uncover has to do with the ways in which the change in the neighborhood affected the individual with whom we’re speaking,” said LaPenta. “While the history [or]the public sphere note this market change in the demographic of the region, the individual processes that very differently.”